Cdr S Shrikumar (retd)

In the military much is made, correctly, of ‘naam’ (name), ‘namak’ (salt), and ‘nishan’ (the flag/ensign). The naam represents the pride and the legacy associated with the individual soldier and the unit. It emphasises the importance of maintaining the reputation and dignity of the military. Namak symbolises the soldiers’ loyalty and commitment to their duty and to the country. It reminds the soldiers of the sacrifices of those who served before them and the responsibility that is now theirs to discharge. Nishan refers to the flag, the ensign, and the colours that represent the military. It symbolises the honour, the values, and the traditions associated with serving in the military.

The latter half of 2024 has not been good for the military. More specifically, for the military’s ‘naam’. The news of the unseemly fracas between a military officer (and his fiancée) and the Orissa police, the charge of molestation of a junior lady air force officer by her senior in J&K, the assault by civilians of trainee army officers in Mhow, and the collapse of Chhatrapati Shivaji’s statue in Maharashtra—all contributed to sullying the military’s ‘naam’.

While probes have been initiated to identify the circumstances that led to these incidents, fix accountability, and bring the guilty to book—that the military found itself in the news for ‘such’ reasons is cause enough for worry and serious introspection.

Economists Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, in their acclaimed 2012 book, Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, used a wide range of historical case studies to understand the wide variation in the journeys nations take enroute to development, with some nations succeeding in achieving power and prosperity and some others failing.

According to the authors, the decisive role in the development of nations is played by their institutions. The authors divide institutions under two broad groupings—political and economic. Political institutions are those that regulate the distribution of powers between the various authorities in the country and lay down the process for the formation of these bodies. Economic institutions regulate the economic incentives of citizens—the incentive to seek education, save, invest, etc.

The quality of the political and economic institutions, and the manner in which they interact, determine whether a country succeeds in developing or not. As proof of their hypothesis, among the many examples they provi